3/31/2024 0 Comments What is a scid foal![]() ![]() A good dam will pay close attention to its foal avoiding stepping or lying on it, protecting it from real or perceived threats, and facilitating the nursing process. ![]() The behavior of the mare is critical and must be closely monitored. Foals with low scores typically require aggressive resuscitation, whereas mildly affected foals may respond to vigorous rubbing, stimulation of the nasal mucosa, and limb movement. Repeating the score 4 minutes later is recommended. Ideally the modified Apgar calculation should be made within the first minute after birth, but certainly within 15 minutes of delivery. A score of 0 to 3 indicates marked depression 4 to 6, moderate depression and 7 to 8, mild asphyxial injury. Each category is scored from 0 to 2 points with a score of 10 being optimal. Appearance refers to oral mucous membrane color pulse uses 60 beats/min as a cut off grimace is assessed in response to stimulation of the nasal mucosa, inside of the pinnae, and over the thoracolumbar area adjacent to the spine activity reflects the degree of muscle tone and respiration refers to ventilation rate and rhythm with 30 breaths/min as the cut off. 5 The acronym used in equine practice differs from that used in human medicine and refers to appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. These recommendations are only used as a rough guide and will obviously be influenced by peripartum conditions and client experience.Ī modified Apgar Score ( Table 16-1) has been used in foals to semi-quantitate the severity of signs that occur in response to peripartum asphyxia. Clients may adopt a similar “2-4-6” rule to seek veterinary attendance, in which intervention should be sought if the foal has not stood by 2 hours, not sucked by 4 hours, or the fetal membranes are still in place by 6 hours. The “1-2-3” rule states that foals should be standing unassisted by 1 hour, sucking from the mare by 2 hours, and the mare should have passed her fetal membranes by 3 hours. ![]() Recommendations to clients as to when veterinary intervention should be sought vary from practice to practice. 4 Loss of affinity for the mare in a foal that seems otherwise healthy may be an early sign of the neurologic form of hypoxic-ischemic syndrome. Foals identify their dams by sight and smell, and during the first week of life, they spend 85% of the time within 1 m of the dam, 94% to 99% within 5 m, and only very rarely are more than 10 m away from the dam. Foals do not learn to follow their dams to the exclusion of any other moving object for the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. 3 The foal spends one third of its time lying down during the first 2 months of life-compared with 5% to 10% for adults, most of which occurs overnight. Sleep periods first occur between 90 minutes and 4 hours after birth and last for about 7 minutes. Based on the caloric density of milk, this reflects a daily intake of 120 to 150 kcal/kg body weight half of this is used for basal metabolism and thermoregulation and half for growth. 2 This equates to around 12 to 12.5 L/day for a 50-kg foal. The daily milk consumption of most newborn foals is between 21% and 25% of their body weight. A foal that spends long periods at the udder may do so because of inability to nurse or inadequate milk from the mare. It is important to watch the foal during sucking to confirm appropriate teat contact and swallowing movements. 1 Sucking periods vary in duration between 1 and 5 minutes and are interspersed with periods of sleep that last around 7 minutes. The normal foal should be nursing from the mare within 2 hours (mean time of 111 minutes range, 35 to 420 minutes), and most have nursed twice by 2.5 hours. There will be repeated nudges of the udder in order to facilitate milk letdown. Once standing, the foal will seek the udder, a process that is initially very clumsy but improves once the foal has successfully sucked. The suckle reflex is present within minutes of birth in most foals and should be present in all foals by 30 minutes. Once standing, the initial posture is an unsteady basewide rocking stance, but this slowly improves such that by 60 minutes the foal should be standing securely without assistance. During this period the foal will often vocalize in response to maternal sounds or contact. Over the next 20 to 25 minutes the normal foal will be restless, alternating periods of sternal recumbency with lateral recumbency before beginning lurching attempts to stand. By 5 minutes the foal should be bright, alert, and responsive to visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli. A normal foal should have righting reflexes and sufficient muscle tone to be able to right itself to sternal recumbency within 2 to 3 minutes of birth. ![]()
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